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A recent study conducted by researchers highlights the potential toxicity of manganese (Mn) and manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs) in fish, shedding light on the risks posed to both aquatic ecosystems and consumers. The research, focused on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a resilient fish species widely consumed in diets worldwide, explored the effects of high concentrations of Mn and Mn-NPs, as well as their interaction with elevated temperatures.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral necessary for various physiological processes in living organisms, including fish. However, excessive exposure to Mn can lead to toxicity and disrupt internal homeostasis. The study also noted the extensive use of Mn in industries, pesticides, and consumer products, which contributes to its discharge into aquatic environments.
Of particular concern is the increasing use of Mn-NPs in various applications, such as medicine, wastewater treatment, and consumer products. These nanoparticles possess unique properties that make them more toxic than inorganic Mn. Their small size allows them to penetrate cellular organelles, interfering with normal cell physiology and causing cellular and sub-cellular damage.
Exposure to Mn and Mn-NPs led to significant alterations in oxidative stress markers, stress biomarkers, lactate and malate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, neurotransmitters, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATPase, immune system biomarkers, and histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues of the fish. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of Mn in different fish tissues and the surrounding water was measured at various intervals (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) to determine its distribution.
The research findings also highlighted the potential exacerbation of toxicity by elevated temperatures, as projected with global warming. The study demonstrated that higher temperatures enhance the toxic effects of Mn and Mn-NPs in fish. Given that fish are poikilothermic animals, temperature plays a crucial role in regulating their physiological processes.
The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive measures to mitigate the potential risks associated with Mn and Mn-NPs in aquatic environments. Effective monitoring, regulation, and reduction of industrial discharges are crucial for safeguarding both the ecosystem and human health. Further research is required to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Mn-NPs and their long-term effects on aquatic organisms.
source: https://www.nature.com/